Critical Thinking and Informal Logic: Neuropsychological Perspectives

نویسنده

  • PAUL THAGARD
چکیده

This article challenges the common view that improvements in critical thinking are best pursued by investigations in informal logic. From the perspective of research in psychology and neuroscience, human inference is a process that is multimodal, parallel, and often emotional, which makes it unlike the linguistic, serial, and narrowly cognitive structure of arguments. Attempts to improve inferential practice need to consider psychological error tendencies, which are patterns of thinking that are natural for people but frequently lead to mistakes in judgment. This article discusses two important but neglected error tendencies: motivated inference and fear-driven inference. Résumé: Nous mettons en question le point de vue courant que l’amélioration de la pensée critique se réalise le mieux par l’enseignement de la logique non formelle. Selon les recherches en psychologie et en neuroscience, l’inférence consiste de plusieurs procédés parallèles souvent affectifs, ce qui diffère de la structure cognitive linguistique, successive, et étroite des arguments. Les tentatives d’améliorer les inférences doivent tenir compte des tendances psychologiques à commettre des erreurs qui sont le résultat des façons de penser naturelles qui induisent souvent les gens à former des mauvais jugements. On discute de deux erreurs importantes mais négligées : les inférences influencées par la motivation, et celles influencées par la

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Critical Thinking and Religious Training:Areas of Convergence

Critical Thinking and Religious Training:Areas of Convergence A. Homaayoonfard S.M. Sajjaadi, Ph.D. Those who consider religious training contradictory to rational thinking have brought about much doubt and many questions in this regard. That is why researchers are nowadays interested in areas such as creativity, critical thinking, and infusion of rational thinking. Religious trai...

متن کامل

The Logic of Evaluation

A sketch of the arguments for adding the logic of evaluation to the areas of argumentation that have been partly mapped and are worth further work by workers in rhetoric, argumentation, communication, critical thinking, and informal logic. Brief coverage of: (i) the arguments that there cannot be any legitimate logic of evaluation; of (ii) the nature of evaluation (conceptions and misconception...

متن کامل

A Critical Needs Analysis of Practicum Courses at Farhangian University: Mentors and Students’ Perspectives

Practicum is a significant component of teacher education which links theory to practice and prepares student teachers for their job. The purpose of the courses, as defined within the Curriculum of Teacher Education at Farhangian University, is to prepare student teachers for their teaching career by observing and analyzing the real situation at schools and relating it to their theoretical ...

متن کامل

The Effect of Teaching Critical Thinking Strategies on Students’ Academic Writing, Critical Thinking Ability, and Critical Thinking Dispositions

This study intended to investigate the interplay of critical thinking explicit instruction, academic writing performance, critical thinking ability, and critical thinking dispositions of Iranian students. To this end, 140 students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (73 males and 67 females) were selected. They were divided into the experimental and control groups. Both groups received ins...

متن کامل

بررسی تأثیر آموزش مشارکتی بیمار محور بر نمرات فرایند پرستاری و تفکر انتقادی کارآموزان پرستاری

 Introduction: One of the challenge that nursing education is faced is developing a curriculum with appropriate clinical training, to develop critical thinking skills. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of patient-centered collaborative learning on students' scores on the nursing process and critical thinking of nursing trainers. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental r...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2011